Class 6 · Physical Education and Wellness · Chapter 1
Development of Fundamental Movements
Quick summary
By Class 5 you learnt non-locomotor, locomotor and manipulative movements. This section develops them further – running, throwing and catching – and then combines them, because sports skills are built from these basic movements.
Key points
Movements developed in childhood become easy for life and reduce the chance of injury.
Types of movement: non-locomotor (on the spot – bend, twist), locomotor (moving from place to place – run, jump), manipulative (with an object – throw, catch, kick).
Running technique: keep the body straight, swing the arms at about a 90° angle, practise forward and backward running, butt-kicks and high knees.
Throwing: step forward and throw the ball forward or upward; practise a two-hand overhead throw.
Catching: watch the ball, keep hands ready, and pull the ball towards the body.
Integration: joining movements, e.g. run–catch–throw, as happens in real games.
Important terms
Locomotor movement – movement that changes place.
Manipulative movement – movement with an object such as a ball.
Integration – combining several movements smoothly.
Key facts
Warm up before running drills.
Keep enough space between players while throwing.
Use soft balls for beginners.
5 important questions
Q1. Name the three types of movement.
Non-locomotor, locomotor and manipulative.
Q2. At what angle should the arms swing while running?
About 90 degrees.
Q3. Give an example of a manipulative movement.
Throwing or catching a ball.
Q4. Why should movements be developed in childhood?
They become easy for life and reduce injuries.
Q5. What is integration of movements?
Combining movements like running, catching and throwing, as in a game.
Class 6 · Physical Education and Wellness · Chapter 2
Various Exercises
Quick summary
This section covers many kinds of exercise: warming up and cooling down, general exercises, A-B-C drills, lead-up and developmental exercises, adventurous exercises (gymnastics, human pyramids), obstacle courses, rhythmic movements (lezim, aerobics, dancercise) and Indian exercises like dand and baithak.
Key points
Warming up prepares the body; cooling down slowly brings it back to rest after exercise.
A-B-C drills build agility, balance and coordination.
Lead-up exercises prepare the body for a particular skill; developmental exercises build strength and fitness.
Adventurous exercises: gymnastics and human pyramids build courage, balance and teamwork.
Class 6 · Physical Education and Wellness · Chapter 3
Modified Games and Leadup Games
Quick summary
Lead-up games and modified games teach the basic skills of big sports in a simple and joyful way. This section uses football, kabaddi, basketball, kho-kho and athletics, changing rules to suit age, ability and space.
Key points
Lead-up game: a small game that builds one or two skills of a major sport.
Modified game: a major game with changed rules, players, ground size or equipment.
They develop running, catching, ball control, agility, coordination, decision-making and team spirit.
Changing rules makes games safer, more inclusive and more fun for everyone.
Football: e.g. field-shield football in small teams of 4–6, practising passing, dribbling and shooting.
Kabaddi: raiding, touching and escaping; holds and team defence.
Basketball: dribbling, passing and shooting in small-sided games.
Kho-kho: giving 'kho', chasing and dodging.
Athletics: running, jumping and throwing through fun relays and games.
Important terms
Lead-up game – simple game that leads to a main sport.
Modified game – main game with adjusted rules.
Inclusive – a game where every child can take part.
Key facts
Play on safe, even ground; remove stones first.
Follow rules and respect the referee.
Drink water and rest between games.
5 important questions
Q1. What is a lead-up game?
A small game that develops the basic skills of a main sport.
Q2. Why are rules modified?
To make games safer, fun and suitable for age, ability and space.
Q3. Name four sports used in this section.
Football, kabaddi, basketball, kho-kho.
Q4. Name two qualities these games develop.
Agility and team spirit.
Q5. Give one safety rule while playing.
Play on even ground cleared of stones.
Exam tip
Explain one modified game you played: players, rules and the skill it trains.
Class 6 · Physical Education and Wellness · Chapter 4
Drill and Marching
Quick summary
In drill and marching, everyone performs the same action in exactly the same way, at the same time, on a command. Drill builds discipline, concentration, alertness, good posture, confidence, leadership and the habit of working as a group.
Key points
Commands this year: Khuli Line Chal, Nikat Line Chal, Saj Ja, Fall Out, Fall In, Line Tod, Visarjan.
Khuli Line Chal (open order): command "Squad, Khuli Line Chal", count "Ek–Ek–Do". The front row steps forward and the rear row steps back about 15 inches, then both come to Savdhan. Used for inspection of uniforms.
Nikat Line Chal (close order): rows come back to their normal close position.
Saj Ja (dressing): used when spacing becomes uneven; students take short quick steps, look right and align with the right-hand marker.
Fall Out: the leader calls a particular student by name to come out of the squad.
Fall In: come back and form the line again.
Line Tod: a break for a fixed time – the squad turns right, takes four steps forward and breaks formation.
Visarjan: ends the drill class when the squad need not return.
Drill is done in the count and rhythm given by the leader.
Important terms
Command – an order given by the drill leader.
Savdhan – the attention position.
Dressing – making the line straight and even.
Key facts
Listen to the full command before moving.
Keep correct distance from the student in front.
Stand straight with eyes forward.
5 important questions
Q1. Why is Khuli Line Chal used?
For inspection, such as checking students' uniforms.
Q2. What is the count for Khuli Line Chal?
"Ek–Ek–Do".
Q3. What does Visarjan mean?
Dismissal; the drill session ends.
Q4. Give two benefits of drill.
Discipline and good posture.
Q5. What is the difference between Fall Out and Line Tod?
Fall Out calls one named student out of the squad; Line Tod gives the whole squad a break for a fixed time.
Exam tip
Learn each command with its purpose; practical tests ask you to perform and explain them.
Class 6 · Physical Education and Wellness · Chapter 5
Self-Defense
Quick summary
Self-defence means protecting yourself from danger. Through the story of four Class 6 friends – Aarav, Siya, Ved and Kavya – this section shows that courage is not only strength but also awareness, resisting, shouting for help and taking the right action.
Key points
A trainer at a school workshop taught: keep distance from strangers, stay alert on lonely roads, be careful when alone in a lift, and shout loudly if you sense danger.
If needed, defend with kicks, knees, hands, elbows and punches, then run to a safe place.
Incident 1: Kavya took a dark, deserted shortcut and a stranger grabbed her. She froze, but Siya's shout made her shout too, and help came.
Incident 2: Ved noticed a suspicious stranger following him into the lift of his building; awareness helped him act in time.
Lessons: avoid lonely shortcuts, walk in groups, trust your feelings, tell parents or teachers at once.
Self-defence is for everyone – boys and girls alike.
Important terms
Self-defence (स्व-संरक्षण) – protecting oneself from harm.
Awareness – noticing what is happening around you.
Safe distance – keeping away from unknown people.
Key facts
Shout loudly: "Help!" – noise scares attackers and calls people.
Remember emergency numbers (112 for emergencies).
Never go with a stranger or accept things from one.
5 important questions
Q1. What is self-defence?
Protecting oneself from danger or attack.
Q2. According to the trainer, what does courage include?
Awareness, resisting, shouting for help and taking the right action.
Q3. What mistake did Kavya make?
She took a dark, deserted shortcut alone.
Q4. Name two body parts used for self-defence.
Elbows and knees.
Q5. Write two safety habits when going out.
Walk in groups; keep a safe distance from strangers.
Exam tip
Answer situation questions with: notice, move away, shout, defend if needed, tell an adult.
Class 6 · Physical Education and Wellness · Chapter 6
Yogic Practices
Quick summary
This section introduces yoga practice: prayer, a set of yogasanas, pranayama (Anulom-Vilom) and a shuddhikriya (cleansing practice, Kapalbhati). Regular yoga makes the body flexible and strong and the mind calm.
Key points
Yoga practice begins with a prayer to settle the mind.
Asanas in this class: Padmasan, Brahmamudra, Parvatasan, Ardhahalasan, Naukasan, Uttan Mandukasan, Shalabhasan, Yogmudra, Makarasan and Shavasan.
Each asana has an initial position, steps and a final position, then a return.
Anulom-Vilom (pranayama): sit in Swastikasan or Padmasan; close the right nostril with the thumb and breathe in through the left; close the left with the ring and little fingers and breathe out slowly through the right; then reverse.
Kapalbhati (shuddhikriya): sit comfortably, hands on knees; breathe out forcefully through the nose while pulling the stomach in, then let the inhale happen naturally; repeat 10–12 times or as per capacity.
Shavasan and Makarasan are relaxing postures done at the end.
Important terms
Asana – a steady, comfortable body posture.
Pranayama – controlled breathing.
Shuddhikriya – a cleansing practice.
Key facts
Practise on an empty stomach, on a mat, in a clean airy place.
Keep the back straight; do not jerk or force a posture.
Breathe through the nose; stop if you feel discomfort.
5 important questions
Q1. Name any four asanas in this section.
Padmasan, Naukasan, Shalabhasan, Shavasan.
Q2. What is pranayama?
Controlled breathing practice.
Q3. Which fingers close the left nostril in Anulom-Vilom?
The ring finger and little finger.
Q4. How is Kapalbhati done?
Forceful breathing out through the nose while pulling the stomach in, with natural breathing in; repeated 10–12 times.
Q5. Give two rules for yoga practice.
Practise on an empty stomach; never force a posture.
Exam tip
Write the steps of Anulom-Vilom in order; it is a common practical question.
Class 6 · Physical Education and Wellness · Chapter 7
Wellness
Quick summary
Wellness means being healthy in body, mind and social life. This section covers a good daily routine (dinacharya), a healthy diet, regular exercise, personal hygiene, first aid and social wellness.
Key points
Daily routine: everything from waking up to sleeping – getting up early, morning chores, cleanliness, exercise, breakfast, school, study, play and sleep on time.
Diet: eat a variety of foods – cereals (rice, wheat, jowar, bajra), pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk and eggs or fish if you eat them. Eat whole fruits rather than juice, drink enough water, and have meals at regular times.
Junk food has little nutrition, is often fried or oily, and increases body fat – avoid it.
Exercise: playing and sweating keeps the body strong and active; a PE period is an important hour, not just play time.
Personal hygiene: brush teeth twice a day, limit sweets and chocolates, bathe daily, keep nails and clothes clean.
First aid box: sterile cotton (clean wounds), bandage roll (bind wounds, reduce swelling), adhesive bandage (small cuts), antiseptic lotion (disinfect), scissors, tweezers (remove thorns or glass), gloves (prevent infection).
Social wellness: good relations with family and friends, accepting yourself as you are, and kindness to others.
Important terms
Wellness (निरामयता) – overall good health of body, mind and relationships.
Dinacharya – daily routine.
Junk food – tasty food with little nutritional value.
Key facts
Wear gloves while giving first aid.
Tell a teacher at once about any injury on the ground.
Medicines from the first-aid box only with an adult's advice.
5 important questions
Q1. What is wellness?
Good health of body, mind and social life together.
Q2. Why should junk food be avoided?
It has little nutrition and increases body fat.
Q3. What is the use of tweezers in a first-aid box?
To remove thorns or pieces of glass.
Q4. Write two good habits of personal hygiene.
Brushing teeth twice a day; bathing daily.
Q5. Why is eating whole fruit better than drinking juice?
Whole fruit gives fibre and full nutrition.
Exam tip
Learn the first-aid box items with their uses; a table answer scores well.